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Atari Jaguar From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Jump to: navigation, search Atari Jaguar Manufacturer Atari Corporation Type Video game console Generation Fifth generation Retail availability NA November 18, 1993 JP Late 1994 EU Late 1994 AUS Late 1994 Discontinued 1996 Units sold 250,000 or fewer[1][2] Media ROM cartridge, CD-ROM CPU multi-processor Predecessor Atari XE Game System The Atari Jaguar is a video game console that was released by Atari Corporation in 1993. It would be the last to be marketed under the Atari brand until the release of the Atari Flashback in 2004. It was designed to surpass the Mega Drive/Genesis, Super Nintendo Entertainment System and the Panasonic 3DO in processing power. Although launched one year earlier, it was eventually in competition with the Sega Saturn, the Sony PlayStation and other consoles that made up the Fifth generation of video game consoles. The console was first released in selected U.S. cities in November 1993, and the rest of the country in early 1994. Although it was promoted as the first 64-bit gaming system, the Jaguar proved to be a commercial failure and prompted Atari to leave the home video game console market. Despite its commercial failure, the Jaguar has a dedicated fan base that produces homebrew games for it.[3] Contents 1 History 2 Arcade games 3 Technical specifications 3.1 Processors 3.2 Other Jaguar features 3.3 Memory Track 4 Reception 5 Emulation 6 See also 7 References 8 External links [edit] History The Jaguar was developed by the members of Flare Technology, a company formed by Martin Brennan and John Mathieson. The team had stated that they could not only make a console superior to the Sega Mega Drive (also called the Sega Genesis) or the SNES, but they could also be cost-effective.[citation needed] Impressed by their work on the Konix Multisystem, Atari persuaded them to close Flare and, with Atari providing the funding, to form a new company called Flare II. Flare II initially set to work designing two consoles for Atari Corp. One was a 32-bit architecture (codenamed "Panther"), and the other was a 64-bit system (codenamed "Jaguar"); however, work on the Jaguar design progressed faster than expected, so Atari Corp. canceled the Panther project to focus on the more promising Jaguar. The Jaguar was introduced in November 1993 at a price of $249.99,[2] under a $500 million manufacturing deal with IBM. The system was initially marketed only in the New York City and the San Francisco Bay areas, under the slogan "Do the Math",[2] claiming superiority over competing 16-bit and 32-bit systems. A nationwide release followed in early 1994. The Atari Jaguar struggled to attain a substantial user base. In 1993, Atari reported that they had shipped 17,000 units as part of the system's initial test market.[4] By the end of 1994, Atari reported that they had sold approximately 100,000 systems and had reduced the price to improve the competitive nature of the console.[5] By the end of 1995, Sony and Sega had entered the marketplace with competing consoles and Atari's sales declined rapidly. In their 1995 annual report, they noted: "Jaguar sales were substantially below Atari's expectations, and Atari's business and financial results were materially adversely affected in 1995 as Atari continued to invest heavily in Jaguar game development, entered into arrangements to publish certain licensed titles and reduced the retail price for its Jaguar console unit. Atari attributes the poor performance of Jaguar to a number of factors including (i) extensive delays in development of software for the Jaguar which resulted in reduced orders due to consumer concern as to when titles for the platform would be released and how many titles would ultimately be available, and (ii) the introduction of competing products by Sega and Sony in May 1995 and September 1995, respectively."[6] Jaguar did earn praise with titles such as Tempest 2000, Doom, and Wolfenstein 3D.[7] The most successful title was Alien vs. Predator[8]. Both it and Tempest 2000 are often considered the system's defining titles.[2] With such a small library of games[9] to challenge the incumbent 16-bit game consoles, Jaguar's appeal never grew beyond a small gaming audience. Customers also complained the Jaguar controller was needlessly complex, with over 15 buttons, somewhat reminiscent of the Atari 5200 controller.[10][11] The controller was ranked the worst video game controller ever made by IGN editor Craig Harris.[12] Lack of titles was attributable to two main factors: the Jaguar's questionable long-term prospects among third-party game-publishers, and the problematic nature of developing games for the Jaguar. Atari had one opportunity to convince third-party developers, vital for the diversity of Jaguar's game library, with a solid retail-performance, but as things played out, post-holiday sales figures questioned the viability of Atari's business; Atari failed to attract many third-party developers already committed to other game platforms. In addition, the Jaguar's underlying hardware was crippled by a flaw in the CPU's memory controller, which prevented code-execution out of system RAM. Less severe, but still annoying defects included a buggy UART. The controller flaw could have been mitigated by a mature code-development environment, to unburden the programmer from having to micromanage small chunks of code. Jaguar's development tools left much to the programmer's imagination, as documentation was incomplete. Writing game-code was often an endurance exercise in the tedious assembler. In a July 1995 interview with Next Generation Magazine, then-CEO Sam Tramiel declared that the Jaguar was as powerful, if not more powerful, than the Sega Saturn, and slightly weaker than the Sony PlayStation.[13] By the end of 1995, the Jaguar's fate was all but sealed. Atari's revenues declined by more than half, from US$38.7 million in 1994 to $14.6 million in 1995.[1] In late 1995, Atari Corp. ran early-morning infomercial advertisements with enthusiastic salesmen touting the powerful game system. The infomercials ran most of the year, but did not significantly sell the remaining stock of Jaguar systems. In its 10-K405 SEC Filing, filed April 12, 1996, Atari informed their stockholders of the truly dire nature of the Jaguar business: From the introduction of Jaguar in late 1993 through the end of 1995, Atari sold approximately 125,000 units of Jaguar. As of December 31, 1995, Atari had approximately 100,000 units of Jaguar in inventory.[1] Atari had already suffered an ill-fated crash in the mid 1980s as a result of the oversaturation of the video game market by third-party developers. Production of the Jaguar ceased after Atari Corp. merged with JT Storage in a reverse takeover.[14] In a last ditch effort to revive the Jaguar, Atari Corp. tried to play down the other two consoles by proclaiming the Jaguar was the only "64-bit" system. This claim is questioned by some,[15] because the CPU (68000) and GPU executed a 32-bit instruction-set, but sent control signals to the 64-bit graphics co-processors (or "graphics accelerators"). Atari Corp.'s position was that the mere presence of 64-bit ALUs for graphics was sufficient to validate the claim. Design specs for the console allude to the GPU or DSP being capable of acting as a CPU, leaving the Motorola 68000 to read controller inputs. In practice, however, many developers used the Motorola 68000 to drive gameplay logic. Over the short life of the console, several add-on peripherals were announced. However, only the ProController, the Atari Jaguar CD drive and the JagLink (a simple two-console networking device) reached retail shelves. A voice modem and VR headset (with infrared head-tracking), existed in prototype form, but were never commercialized (see Loki and Konix Multisystem for early development). After the Atari Corporation properties were bought out by Hasbro Interactive in the late 1990s, Hasbro released the rights to the Jaguar, declaring the console an open platform and opening the doors for homebrew development.[16] A few developers, including Telegames and Songbird Productions, have not only released previously unfinished materials from the Jaguar's past, but also several brand new titles to satisfy the system's cult following. Imagin Systems, a manufacturer of dental imaging equipment, has since purchased the molding plates for the Jaguar's casing as with minor modification they were found to be the right size for housing their HotRod camera.[17] The game cartridge molds were reused to create an optional memory expansion card.[18] [edit] Arcade games Atari Games licensed the Atari Jaguar's chipset for use in its arcade games. The system, named COJAG (for "Coin-Op Jaguar"), replaced the 68000 with a 68020 or MIPS R3000-based CPU (depending on the board version), and added a hard drive and more RAM. It ran the lightgun games Area 51 and Maximum Force. Other games (3 On 3 Basketball; Fishin' Frenzy; Freeze; Vicious Circle) were developed but never released. [edit] Technical specifications The Atari Jaguar's gamepad was criticized for complexity of design.[10][11] From the Jaguar Software Reference manual:[19] "Jaguar is a custom chip set primarily intended to be the heart of a very high-performance games/leisure computer. It may also be used as a graphics accelerator in more complex systems, and applied to workstation and business uses. As well as a general purpose CPU, Jaguar contains four processing units. These are the Object Processor, Graphics Processor, Blitter, and Digital Sound Processor. Jaguar provides these blocks with a 64-bit data path to external memory devices, and is capable of a very high data transfer rate into external dynamic RAM." (page 1) [edit] Processors "Tom" Chip, 26.59 MHz Graphics processing unit (GPU) – 32-bit RISC architecture, 4 KB internal cache, provides wide array of graphic effects Object Processor – 64-bit RISC architecture; programmable; can behave as a variety of graphic architectures Blitter – 64-bit RISC architecture; high speed logic operations, z-buffering and Gouraud shading, with 64-bit internal registers. DRAM controller, 8, 16, 32 and 64-bit memory management "Jerry" Chip, 26.59 MHz Digital Signal Processor – 32-bit RISC architecture, 8 KB internal cache Same RISC core as the GPU, but not limited to graphic production CD-quality sound (16-bit stereo) Number of sound channels limited by software Two DACs (stereo) convert digital data to analog sound signals Full stereo capabilities Wavetable synthesis, FM synthesis, FM Sample synthesis, and AM synthesis A clock control block, incorporating timers, and a UART Joystick control Motorola 68000 "used as a manager."[20] General purpose 16/32-bit control processor, 13.295 MHz [edit] Other Jaguar features RAM: 2 MB on a 64-bit bus using 4 16-bit fast page mode DRAMs Storage: Cartridge – up to 6 MB Support for ComLynx I/O [edit] Memory Track Released in 1995, the Memory Track is a cartridge that contains a 128 K EEPROM, allowing Atari Jaguar CD games to save persistent data such as preferences and savegames. [edit] Reception The Jaguar was a commercial failure thanks to its shortage of third party support and poorly received first party titles. In September 2009, IGN ranked the Atari Jaguar as the 24th best console of all time, lower than all five of its major competitors: the SNES (4th best), the Sega Mega Drive (5th), the Sony PlayStation (7th), the Sega Saturn (18th), and even the 3DO (22nd).[21] [edit] Emulation See also: List of Atari emulators [edit] See also List of Atari Jaguar games List of cancelled video games Contiki, portable operating system - there's a port for the Jaguar with GUI, TCP/IP and web browser support. [edit] References ^ a b c ATARI CORP Annual Report (Regulation S-K, item 405) (10-K405) ITEM 7. MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL C ^ a b c d Blake Snow (2007-05-04). "The 10 Worst-Selling Consoles of All Time". GamePro.com. http://www.gamepro.com/article/features/111823/the-10-worst-selling-consoles-of-all-time-page-2-of-2/. Retrieved 2008-08-01.  ^ Goss, Patrick. "Redundant gadgets (Atari Jaguar entry)". Archived from the original on 2007-10-11. http://web.archive.org/web/20071011200651/http://tech.uk.msn.com/features/gallery.aspx?cp-documentid=6171299&imageindex=5. Retrieved 2007-10-23  ^ Atari Corporation Annual Report, 1993. pp 14. ^ Atari Corporation Annual Report. pp 11 ^ http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/802019/0000891618-96-000213.txt ^ Atari Jaguar History. AtariAge. Retrieved 9 December 2008. ^ Atari Corporation 1994 annual report. pp 3. ^ Greg Orlando (2007-05-15). "Console Portraits: A 40-Year Pictorial History of Gaming". Wired News. Condé Nast Publications. http://www.wired.com/gaming/gamingreviews/multimedia/2007/05/gallery_game_history?slide=28&slideView=7. Retrieved 2008-03-23.  ^ a b Harris, Craig. Top 10 Tuesday: Worst Game Controllers. IGN. 2006-02-21. ^ a b Video Game News. Game Addict Online. 2006-02-26. ^ "Top 10 Tuesday: Worst Game Controllers". IGN. 2006-02-21. http://xbox360.ign.com/articles/690/690449p1.html. Retrieved 2009-08-07.  ^ "Atari's President talks back". Next Generation. July 1995  ^ "Atari and JT Storage Reorganisation Plan". One Cle. http://contracts.onecle.com/atari/jt.mer.1996.04.08.shtml. Retrieved 2006-11-25.  ^ "Jaguar 64-bit?? No.". http://groups.google.com/group/rec.games.video.atari/browse_thread/thread/49a45b71cbcc0b9e/0bebc8c724042860?lnk=st&q=#0bebc8c724042860.  ^ "Hasbro Releases Jaguar Publishing Rights". Hasbro Interactive. http://www.atariage.com/Jaguar/archives/HasbroRights.html. Retrieved 2008-05-14.  ^ "Atari Jaguar Revived As Dental Camera". 1UP. January 1, 2010. http://www.1up.com/news/atari-jaguar-revived-dental-camera. Retrieved October 24, 2010.  ^ "HotRod". Imagin. http://www.imaginsystems.com/Graphics/HotRod%20DS-final.pdf. Retrieved October 24, 2010.  ^ Jaguar Software Reference Manual - Version 2.4. Atari Corp.. 1995. http://blog.eerievale.com/download.php?id=3.  ^ Atari Jaguar Software Reference Manual, Atari Corp. 1995, Pg 2 ^ "IGN's Top 25 Video Game Consoles of All Time". IGN. http://www.ign.com/top-25-consoles/24.html. Retrieved July 25 2010.  [edit] External links Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Atari Jaguar Atari Jaguar at the Open Directory Project v • d • e Atari hardware Personal computers 400/800/XL/XE · ST · MEGA STE · TT030 · Atari Transputer Workstation · Falcon Portable computers STacy · ST BOOK · Portfolio Video game consoles Pong · Stunt Cycle · Video Pinball · 2600 · 5200 · 2800 · 7800 · XEGS · Lynx · Jaguar (Jaguar CD) · Flashback · Flashback 2 Cancelled prototypes Cosmos · Panther · Jaguar II Other Arcade games · Atari Video Music v • d • e Fifth generation video game consoles 3DO · Amiga CD32 · Atari Jaguar · Nintendo 64 · NEC PC-FX · PlayStation · Sega Saturn || Jaguar 2 From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Jump to: navigation, search Jaguar 2 Type Tank destroyer Place of origin  West Germany Service history In service 1965 - 1993 Used by  West Germany Production history Manufacturer Henschel and Hanomag Produced 1983 - 1985 Number built 162[1] Specifications Weight 24.8 Length 6.61 Width 3.12 Height 2.55 Crew 4 (commander, gunner, loader, driver) Armor 50 mm steel + applique armour Primary armament 1 x manually reloaded TOW launcher, 12 missiles Secondary armament 1 x 7.62mm MG3 machine guns 8 x smoke discharger Engine 2,94l MTU MB 837 Aa V8 water-cooled multi-fuel diesel-engine 500 hp (368 kW) Suspension torsion bar Operational range 400 km Speed 70 km/h The Raketenjagdpanzer 4 Jaguar 2 was a German tank destroyer equipped with anti-tank guided missiles. It was only operated by the Bundeswehr. Contents 1 History 2 Design 2.1 Protection 2.2 Armament 3 References 4 External links [edit] History From 1983 to 1985, 162 Kanonenjagdpanzers were converted to Raketenjagdpanzer 4 Jaguar 2. This was done by removing the main gun, and adding a TOW launcher on the roof and applique armour as well. In 1989 the TOW missiles were replaced by the more potent TOW 2. In 1993 the Jaguar 2 tank destroyers were phased out in favour for the Jaguar 1A3, an upgraded version of the Jaguar 1. [edit] Design The Jaguar 2 is a tank destroyer which follows the traditional casemate design of German tank destroyers. It is a pretty light vehicle based on the "leichte Fahrzeugfamilie"-chassis, which was also used by the SPz Marder and the Jaguar 1. It is an all-welded steel construction, which has maximum thickness of 50 mm. [edit] Protection Applique armour The base armour is formed by the Kanonenjagdpanzer chassis. It was made of welded steel and had a thickness of 10 to 50 mm steel. When the Kanonenjagdpanzers were upgraded, applique armour, consisting of perforated steel plates coated in a rubber-like substance, were fastened shock-mounted on the front of the vehicle and the side of the casemate structure. Leopard-like side-skirts were also added. Further protection is provided by eight smoke dischargers, which are now installed on the glacis instead of behind the casemate. The survivability of the Jaguar 2 is still mainly relying on its low profile, high speed and long combat range, which exceeded the combat range of contemporary tanks. [edit] Armament The roof-mounted TOW-launcher The Jaguar 2 is armed with a TOW-launcher, an anti-aircraft MG3 and a MG3A1 in the hull. The TOW missile allows to fight enemy tanks on long ranges, the maximum combat range was considered to be 3750 m.[2] In 1989 the TOW missiles were replaced by the stronger TOW-2 missiles. Twelve missiles and 2100 7.62mm rounds are stored inside the vehicle. [edit] References ^ Panzerbaer.de ^ deutschesheer.de [edit] External links FAS Flecktarn This German military article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it. v • d • e This military vehicle article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it. v • d • e || Top of page. Skip to main menu. Skip to search. Skip to shopping tools. Skip to main contents. Skip to footer. ALL MODELS ALL NEW XJ XK XF R BUSINESS USERS Approved Used OWNER SUPPORT EXPERIENCE ABOUT JAGUAR BUILD YOUR JAGUAR CURRENT PROMOTIONS LOCATE A DEALER Keep Me Informed REQUEST BROCHURE Book Test Drive Contact Us SEARCH LOCATE A DEALER Enter Postcode QUICK LINKS KEEP ME INFORMED REQUEST BROCHURE BOOK TEST DRIVE CONTACT US BUILD YOUR JAGUAR APPROVED USED SHARE FACEBOOK YOUTUBE TWITTER DELICIOUS DIGG STUMBLEUPON HOME A DIFFERENT ROAD The all new XJ: a contemporary luxury saloon available in 4 trim levels and 3 engines. 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OVERVIEW ENHANCE YOUR XKR GALLERY BUILD YOUR XKR / XFR SPECIFICATIONS You need Flash Player 9 and Javascript enabled for the best website experience || || Log In - Register Advanced search HomeAviation NewsPhotos LatestTop ratedMost viewedEyecatchersBrowse by... by categoryby aircraftby operatorby airportby photographer Aviation GlamourLatest commentsMost searched keywords Forums Photography Photography techniquesPhotography locationsDigital photo processing & TutorialsGear talkPhoto licensing & sales (registered users only)Photo feedback Aviation Civil aviationMilitary aviationGeneral aviation Community & Support Site relatedOff topic Member section LoginRegisterFull membership Upload your photosPhoto use Home » Photos » Aircraft » Sepecat » Jaguar T.2 aircraft Latest - Most popular Sepecat Jaguar T.2 Saracen (745) Sepecat Jaguar T.2 UK - Air Force (XX141) Cranwell Alistair Bridges (5282) Sepecat Jaguar T.2 UK - Air Force (XX838) Lossiemouth Page 1 of 1 1 Sepecat Jaguar T.2 aircraft is used by: UK - Air Force: XX141 XX838 All Sepecat aircraft types: Jaguar A Jaguar E Jaguar GR.1 Jaguar GR.3 Jaguar T.2 Jaguar T.4 © 2006-2010 Airplane-Pictures.net | E-mail us: Team@Airplane-Pictures.net All photos are copyright © to their respective photographers and may not be used without permission. 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